Clinical Research Directory

Effect of Diode Laser and 20% Benzocaine Anesthetic Gel on Pain Reduction Following Tooth Separation With Elastomeric Separators in Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Trial in Karachi-Pakistan

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if low level laser therapy works equivalent to benzocaine in reducing the pain caused by separators in fixed orthodontic treatment. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there any difference in mean pain scores with Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and 20% Benzocaine anesthetic gel of patients receiving elastomeric separators in fixed orthodontic treatment? Researchers will compare low level laser therapy to benzoaine gel to evaluate reduction in pain Participants will be applied low level laser at the appointment of separator placement and patient himself will apply benzocaine gel thrice daily at the site of separator placement. patient will use placebo on the other side. Gel and placebo would be applied for one month. Patient will take the gel for 7 days.

(Cost)Effectiveness of the Intervention 'Gezond en Goed Met Elkaar'

The goal of this intervention study is to learn if the intervention can increase positive health and health literacy in people with limited health literacy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does participating in the intervention 'Gezond en goed met elkaar' increase participant's positive health? * Does participating in the intervention 'Gezond en goed met elkaar' improve health literacy? Researchers will compare people who participate in the intervention with people who haven't participated in the intervention yet. Participants will: * participate in the intervention (3 months) * fill out questionnaires every 3 months

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Modulation of Affect and Pain

This double-blind randomized crossover study aims to examine the effects of left primary motor cortex (M1) tDCS on evoked thermal pain perception, pain-related decision making, and placebo effects by manipulated pain and monetary offers accepted by others. The investigators plan to collect data for up to 50 participants who undergo four separate sessions: an initial pain calibration session and three experimental sessions with either anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS. Each session includes pain testing before and after a single tDCS protocol (either anodal, cathodal, or sham), a pain-monetary decision-making task, and social placebo pain tests. All tasks following tDCS will take place inside the MR scanner. The investigators hypothesize that anodal M1 tDCS will decrease pain ratings, and that cathodal tDCS will increase them, both relative to the sham condition. The investigators will also examine the effects of M1 tDCS on social decision-making to examine whether it affects participants' valuation of pain and their altruistic behavior, as well as how these same factors impact pain sensation in the placebo task. The investigators hypothesize that participants will behave hyperaltruistically during the decision-making task, and that the same factors that influence choice will also impact pain perception in the same context.