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Ask questions about FDA regulations, warning letters, ICH guidelines, and GCP requirements. Get accurate, cited answers grounded in actual regulatory documents -- not AI hallucinations.

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Source Citations

Every answer includes precise citations linking back to the exact regulatory text -- document title, section reference, and source excerpt so you can verify everything.

Hybrid Search

Combines semantic understanding with keyword matching to find both conceptual answers and exact regulatory references like "21 CFR 312.32" or "ICH E6(R2) Section 4.8".

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From FDA audit preparation to understanding specific CFR sections, the AI assistant answers questions using real regulatory documents. Every response includes citations you can verify.

  • Natural language questions about FDA regulations
  • Warning letter trends and common violations
  • ICH GCP guideline interpretation
  • CFR section lookup and explanation

Regulatory AI Assistant

What are the most common Form 483 observations related to adverse event reporting?

Based on FDA warning letters and Form 483 observations, the most common adverse event reporting deficiencies at clinical research sites include:

1. Failure to report serious adverse events within required timeframes. Under 21 CFR 312.32(c)(1), investigators must report serious and unexpected adverse events to the sponsor and IRB promptly.

Source 1

2. Inadequate documentation of adverse events in case report forms. Warning letters frequently cite incomplete or missing adverse event records as evidence of protocol non-compliance.

Source 2

3. Failure to follow the investigational plan for safety monitoring, including not performing required follow-up assessments after adverse events are identified.

Source 1
Source 3
CFR

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

21 CFR 312.32(c)(1)(i)

"The investigator must report to the sponsor any adverse experience that is both serious and unexpected..."

Suggested questions

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Search query:

"adverse event reporting requirements under 21 CFR 312"

Keyword Only

Misses context

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

The sponsor shall report to FDA and investigators...

21 CFR 312.64 -- Investigator Reports

Progress reports per 21 CFR 312.33...

21 CFR 312.310 -- Individual Patient Access

Contains string "312" but unrelated to AE reporting...

Semantic Only

Misses exact refs

ICH E6(R2) Section 4.11 -- Safety Reporting

The investigator should report all serious adverse events...

Warning Letter: AE Reporting Failure

Failed to maintain adequate adverse event records...

ICH E2A -- Clinical Safety Data Management

Definitions for expedited reporting of AEs...

Hybrid (Ours)

Best of both

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

The sponsor shall report to FDA and investigators...

ICH E6(R2) Section 4.11 -- Safety Reporting

The investigator should report all serious adverse events...

Warning Letter: AE Reporting Failure

Failed to maintain adequate adverse event records...

Keyword Only

Misses context

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

The sponsor shall report to FDA and investigators...

21 CFR 312.64 -- Investigator Reports

Progress reports per 21 CFR 312.33...

21 CFR 312.310 -- Individual Patient Access

Contains string "312" but unrelated to AE reporting...

Semantic Only

Misses exact refs

ICH E6(R2) Section 4.11 -- Safety Reporting

The investigator should report all serious adverse events...

Warning Letter: AE Reporting Failure

Failed to maintain adequate adverse event records...

ICH E2A -- Clinical Safety Data Management

Definitions for expedited reporting of AEs...

Hybrid (Ours)

Best of both

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

The sponsor shall report to FDA and investigators...

ICH E6(R2) Section 4.11 -- Safety Reporting

The investigator should report all serious adverse events...

Warning Letter: AE Reporting Failure

Failed to maintain adequate adverse event records...

Hybrid Search for Regulatory Precision

Pure keyword search misses context. Pure AI search misses exact citations. Our hybrid approach combines both -- semantic understanding for conceptual questions, keyword matching for exact regulatory references.

  • Semantic search understands intent and context
  • Keyword search catches exact citations and form numbers
  • Reciprocal Rank Fusion merges both for best results
  • 84% retrieval precision vs 62% for vector-only search

Every Claim Backed by Source Documents

Unlike general AI tools, every response from our regulatory assistant includes precise citations. Click any citation to see the exact source text, document title, and section reference.

  • Inline citations with source type badges
  • Exact quotes from regulatory text
  • Links to original documents
  • Source types clearly labeled: CFR, Warning Letter, GCP, Form 483

Source Citations

CFR

21 CFR 312.32 -- IND Safety Reporting

View Source

21 CFR 312.32(c)(1)(i)

"The investigator must report to the sponsor any adverse experience that is both serious and unexpected. Such reports must be made as soon as possible but no later than 24 hours after the investigator first learns of the event."

Warning Letter

Warning Letter to Springfield Clinical Research

View Source

January 2025

"Your firm failed to report adverse experiences to the sponsor and IRB as required. Specifically, 12 serious adverse events were not reported within the required timeframes, and 4 events were not reported at all during the course of the study."

ICH Guideline

ICH E6(R2) Good Clinical Practice

View Source

Section 4.11 -- Safety Reporting

"The investigator should report to the sponsor all serious adverse events (SAEs) immediately (i.e., no more than 24 hours after learning of the SAE), except for those SAEs that the protocol or other document identifies as not needing immediate reporting."

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FDA Warning Letters

3,000+ warning letters scraped from fda.gov, categorized by inspection type

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21 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)

14 FDA-relevant parts of Title 21 fetched from the eCFR API

380+ sections

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ICH Guidelines

ICH Quality, Safety, Efficacy, and Multidisciplinary guideline PDFs

130+ guidelines

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Form 483 Observations

FDA inspection observations from the FOIA electronic reading room

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FDA Guidance Documents

Official FDA guidance documents on regulatory topics

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Your Organization's Documents

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More sources are added regularly. Form 483 observations and FDA Guidance Documents coming soon.

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