Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: a) Able to provide informed consent b) All ethnic groups c) \>65 years of age d) ≥2 non-injury falls or ≥1 injury fall in the past year \[17\]-\[21\] e) Absence of dementia/uncontrolled psychiatric disorder h) Able to walk and stand for 5 min continuously independently without assistance (i.e., cane, walker, ankle foot orthotics, electric scooter). i) Willingness to undergo MRI, participate in the 4-weeks intervention AND in the laboratory studies before, immediately-after, and 3-month after the intervention. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Inability to provide informed consent. 2. Non-English speaking. 3. Have contraindications to TMS based on TMS Adult Safety Screen (e.g., pregnancy, metal in the brain/skull, neurostimulator, pacemaker, infusion device, medication to treat mental illness) 4. Unintentional weight loss of ≥10 pounds over the past year. 5. Severe uncontrolled hypertension, or uncontrolled diabetes. 6. Poor cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥ 26) 7. Untreated depression or Geriatric Depression Scale score on 15 item scale \>7 8. History of limb amputation (upper or lower extremity) 9. Planned surgery in the next 3 months. 10. History of chemotherapy or planned chemotherapy in the next 6 months or active malignancy. 11. Severe osteoporosis, defined by diagnosis of osteoporosis with fracture. 12. Pregnant or have a chance of being pregnant. 13. Chronic inflammatory condition, autoimmune disease or infectious processes such as active tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute or chronic hepatitis B or C. 14. Illicit drug use 15. Use of medications that may increase the risk of falling: * Sedatives * Hypnotics * Anti-cholinergic * Benzodiazepines * Anti-depressants 16. Intracranial bleeds visible on their most recent CT or MRI scans.