Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Systemically healthy patients aged 18-50 years presenting with Cairo RT1 gingival recession defects were included in the study. Patients were selected if the recession defect was present on a vital tooth with an identifiable cementoenamel junction and no interproximal clinical attachment loss. The selected tooth was required to be free from caries, cervical restorations, non-carious cervical lesions interfering with measurement, pulpal pathology, and pathological mobility. Patients with acceptable oral hygiene after initial periodontal therapy, preferably with Plaque Index ≤1, were included. Patients willing to participate in the study, sign informed consent, and report for all follow-up visits were included. -Exclusion Criteria Patients were excluded if they were smokers or tobacco users, including smokeless tobacco users. Patients with systemic conditions that could affect periodontal wound healing, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive disorders, bleeding disorders, connective tissue disorders, or any serious systemic illness, were not included. Pregnant or lactating women were excluded from the study. Patients taking medications known to influence gingival healing, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, bisphosphonates, anticoagulants, or long-term anti-inflammatory drugs, were excluded. Patients with poor oral hygiene, untreated gingival inflammation, active periodontal disease, or recession defects classified as Cairo RT2 or RT3 were not included. Teeth with cervical caries, cervical restorations, deep abrasion, erosion, non-carious cervical lesions interfering with CEJ identification, endodontic pathology, periapical lesions, non-vital pulp, traumatic occlusion that could not be corrected before surgery, or previous periodontal plastic surgery at the selected site within the past 12 months were excluded. Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment or those who had recently completed orthodontic treatment were also excluded if tooth movement could affect gingival margin stability. Patients unwilling to provide consent or unable to attend the follow-up schedule were not included.