Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults aged 60-79 years at baseline, with valid identification documents. 2. Having resided in the selected study area for at least one year, with no plans to relocate or leave the area for an extended period within the next five years. 3. Able to independently perform basic activities of daily living and participate in basic physical activities. 4. Able to communicate clearly, understand and respond to study questionnaires, without cognitive impairment or communication difficulties. 5. Having no contraindications to exercise. 6. Willing to provide written informed consent and participate in longitudinal follow-up assessments. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Temporary residents or individuals planning to relocate from the study area. 2. Surgery or major trauma, including fractures, within the previous six months. 3. Cancer or a history of cancer treatment, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 4. Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus. 5. Severe cardiovascular diseases, including symptomatic valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, unstable angina, heart failure, severe arrhythmias, or primary pulmonary hypertension. 6. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe osteoporosis. 7. Diagnosed Alzheimer's disease or other severe cognitive impairment. 8. Severe chronic infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, syphilis, or active tuberculosis.