Clinical Research Directory

Evaluation of the Implementation of a Parenting Program in Parents With Children Aged 4 to 12 Years and One Parent With an Alcohol Use Disorders

Alcohol use disorders are a major public health problem in Europe. The average prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in the general population is 7.5%, although there are large variations between countries. According to the literature, 20 to 30% of children have parents with problematic alcohol use. Public health authorities are alarmed by the precociousness of alcohol consumption in the youngest age and by the prevalence of alcohol consumption in adolescence. One of the well-established risk factors for alcohol use and abuse is having a parent with AUD. Compared with people growing up without any parent with AUD, the relative risk of suffering negative life events in childhood is 2 to 13 times higher if one or both parents have alcohol use disorders. A family history of Alcohol Use Disorders is predictive of earlier alcohol, tobacco, or cannabis use in adolescence, but it is also associated with a higher risk of developing substance use disorders.

Efficiency of Prevention Program Dedicated to Addictive Behaviors (PREVENTURE) of Vulnerable Teenagers

At the age of 17, in Brittany, 94.9% of adolescents have experimented alcohol consumption 78.1% within a month and 25.5% report repeated episodes of Intensive Punctual Alcohol. Among the potential explanatory factors of this worrying epidemiology, social and cultural factors induce a social valuation of alcohol consumption and drunkenness. There are also individual vulnerability factors, particularly important in adolescence between experimentation and the transition to regular use or even to alcohol use disorders. Despite the extent of the damage, there is currently little reliable data on effective primary prevention strategies for dealing with addictive behavior. Many prevention programs target age range in school settings, to delay or reduce use of psychoactive substances. A meta-analysis on the impact of this prevention programs in school settings, concluded that most interventions are associated with no or little impact with respect to the goal of reducing psychoactive substances with teenagers. Among existing programs, "PREVENTURE" has been evaluated in 5 trials with high-risk teenagers identified in schools settings, in different countries (Canada, Europe). The results show a clear and robust effect on reducing alcohol consumption. This program has not been tested outside the school setting and a recent review mention the need to make this program more accessible by targeting vulnerable groups and studying the impact of this program on this population. The PREVADO study is a prospective, controlled, randomised, open-label study. After inclusion, the adolescent completes the questionnaire SURPS (Substance Use Risk Profile Scale). The SURPS is self-report questionnaire that assesses four well-validated personality risk factors for substance misuse (Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Hopelessness). There is a 23-item to which adolescents are asked to respond using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" : Hopelessness (7 items), Anxiety Sensitivity (5 items), Impulsivity (5 items), and Sensation Seeking (6 items). Adolescents will be randomized into 2 groups (stratification on the 4 predominant risk personality types from the SURPS (Substance Use Risk Profile Scale) and on the recruitment modality) : * Intervention group : teenagers follow the "PREVENTURE" program and routine cares * Control group : teenagers follow routine cares

Addiction Intervention in Liver Transplantation Candidates

Addiction care is "a la carte treatment", adapted to the motivation and time constrains of users. Thus, various types of psychotherapeutic follow-up can be considered, different addictolytic medications or opioid maintenance therapies can be offered during treatment and hospitalization must be adaptable. In liver transplantation (LT), sustained alcohol relapse is a critical issue because it increases medium and long-term morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the issue of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis as an indication for LT has necessitated increased focus on appropriate alcohol monitoring around liver transplantation. Previously, alcohol consumption in pre- and post-LT period was mainly self-reported. More recently, the biological markers of excessive alcohol consumption have been validated in liver disease and can play a role in liver transplant recipients follow-up. The investigator hypothesize that standardized targeted addiction monitoring of LT patients decreases the rates of sustained alcohol relapse one year post liver transplantation.

Neurobehavioral Profiles of Adaptive Stress Responses in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder

The goal of this observational study is to investigate longitudinal stress response profiles and adaptive versus non-adaptive stress responses in alcohol use disorder. The main questions the projects aims to answer are: What are the neurobehavioral underpinnings of adaptive stress responses and resilience to repeated stress exposure with regards to: * alcohol craving? * alcohol use? * their modulation by prior stress exposure, social interactions, coping strategies and individual health behavior? Participants will: * be exposed to an established experimental stress-induction protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test * be exposed to their favorite drink in a bar lab environment * be assessed using fMRI to determine their neural alcohol cue reactivity, response inhibition, and emotion processing * conduct an ambulatory phase to assess stressors, alcohol craving, substance use and details on social interactions, health behavior and coping strategies using ecological momentary assessment tools.

Acceptability of Simultaneous Screening for Viral Hepatitis B, C and HIV Among Drug Users in Non-conventional Structures

The principle is to propose dedicated monthly screening days bringing together the health personnel involved (hepatologist, addictologist, nurse in charge of the program, addictology nurse and social worker) and to propose appropriate management for each situation assessed.