Clinical Research Directory

One Health Determinants of Rectal Colonization by ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales in the Community

This multicenter cross-sectional observational study aims to determine the prevalence of rectal colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales among community-dwelling adults in Argentina and to identify biological, clinical, sociocultural, occupational, and environmental factors associated with colonization. Participants will be recruited from sentinel healthcare centers and will undergo collection of rectal swabs, fecal samples, urine samples, and standardized epidemiological questionnaires. The study is based on a One Health framework and will evaluate potential determinants of antimicrobial resistance, including previous healthcare exposure, antibiotic use, animal contact, occupational exposures, environmental conditions, water access, dietary habits, and pesticide exposure. Biological samples will be stored in an institutional biobank for future molecular, microbiome, resistome, and toxicological analyses. Findings are expected to improve understanding of community-associated antimicrobial resistance and support the development of preventive public health strategies.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections in General Adult Wards in Argentina (PREV-AR 2 - IGA)

This study measures how common infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are among adult patients hospitalized in general medical and surgical wards in Argentina, and how these infections relate to in-hospital death. Background: A 2019 national survey (ENPIHA 2019), conducted across 255 hospital units in Argentina, found that nearly 29% of hospitalized patients had a healthcare-associated infection, most often caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Most prior regional studies combined data from intensive care and general ward patients together, making it hard to know how much of this burden specifically affects general medical/surgical wards. This study is designed to answer that question directly. On a single day chosen by each hospital between August 4 and 6, 2026, doctors and infection-control staff at participating hospitals across Argentina will record information about every adult patient (18 years or older) who has been in a general adult ward for at least 24 hours. For each patient, the study team records basic demographics, underlying health conditions, whether the patient has an active infection that day, the site and type of that infection, the organism responsible, whether that organism is drug-resistant, and what antibiotics are being used. No study procedures, tests, or treatments are performed - the study only records information that is already part of routine hospital care. Each patient is then followed for up to 60 days after the study day, using existing hospital records, to determine whether they were discharged alive or died in the hospital. No patient names or other identifying information are collected; each patient is assigned a code known only to the local site investigator. This study is sponsored by the Sociedad Argentina de Infectología (SADI), in collaboration with the Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva (SATI) and the Sociedad Argentina de Medicina (SAM), with no external funding. It is one component of a larger multi-part project, PREV-AR 2, which separately surveys neonatal intensive care units and adult intensive care units at other points in 2026. This registration covers only the general adult ward (Internación General de Adultos, IGA) component.

PK/PD Relationship of CAZ/AVI and FOS in the Treatment of Patients With Infections Due to CRE

A multicenter international prospective observational pharmacological study in adult patients (≥18 years) treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) alone or with CAZ/AVI plus fosfomycin (FOS) for infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (KPC and/or OXA-48).

Salivary Microbiota and Antimicrobial Resistance in Relation to Chlorhexidine Use

This study evaluated the ecological effects of 0.06% chlorhexidine toothpaste on the salivary microbiota of healthy individuals, focusing on taxonomic composition, functional shifts, and prevalence of predicted antimicrobial resistance genes. Saliva samples were collected from eleven healthy participants at three specific time points: baseline (following a 4-week run-in period using a control toothpaste), intervention (after 12 weeks of using 0.06% chlorhexidine digluconate toothpaste), and washout (after a subsequent 12-week period using the control toothpaste). Sequencing targeted the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region.

Development and Implementation of Mobile Antibiograms to Optimize Empirical Antibiotic Prescriptions Among Prescribers in Tertiary Hospitals in Tanzania

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue, especially in Africa, with resistance to common antibiotics reaching 100% in some areas. In Tanzania, limited access to culture tests and antibiograms forces healthcare providers to rely on experience for prescribing, heightening AMR risks. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mobile antibiograms in optimizing empirical antibiotic therapy in tertiary hospitals in Tanzania.

NCCR AntiResist:: New Approaches to Combat Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria

This is an explorative, mono-center study including prospectively collected patient samples from the University Hospital of Basel. It is to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including three clinical manifestations of infectious diseases: urinary tract infection, pneumonia and deep-seated infections. The focus is on four bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) that are part of the high priority list of World Health Organization (WHO). Residual patient samples are analysed for proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, immunocytochemical or fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) and immunophenotyping and exploration of bacterial properties.

PK/PD Analysis of Ceftazidime/Avibactam or Cefiderocol With or Without Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Difficult To-treat Gram-negative Infections

A multicenter, national, prospective, observational pharmacological study of patients with difficult-to-treat Gram-negative infections treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) or cefiderocol (CEF) monotherapy or combination therapy with ceftazidime/avibactam associated with fosfomycin (FOS) or cefiderocol associated with fosfomycin.