Clinical Research Directory

Exogenous Ketosis in a Fed and a Fasted State

The kinetics of circulating βHB following ingestion of the ketone monoester are dependent on several variables that determine the balance between appearance into, and disappearance from, the bloodstream. These dynamics have been well characterised in fasted humans but in the real world the ketone monoester is likely to be ingested in a fed state, pertinently within athletic spheres consumption would proceed a substantial high-carbohydrate meal. Within this, it is unclear how metabolism under exogenous ketosis might be affected in a fed versus fasted state. This four-arm crossover study looks to characterise the relationship between feeding status, βHB pharmacokinetics, and resting metabolism. As exogenous ketosis is known to reduce circulating glucose levels, this study will also explored if hepatic metabolism - for example, de novo lipogenesis - might consequently be altered, with implications for metabolic disease states such as Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and type II diabetes. Participants will be asked to consume either the ketone monoester drink or a placebo drink when fasted and when having previously consumed a meal.

The Effects of Ketone Supplements With Carbohydrates on Cycling Performance Above Lactate Threshold

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether a ketone supplement with carbohydrates extends time to fatigue during cycling compared with a carbohydrate-only supplement in healthy, trained cyclists aged 18-55. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is the time to fatigue increased with ketone supplementation and carbohydrates compared to carbohydrates alone? Will ketone supplementation with carbohydrates produce lower blood lactate concentrations compared to carbohydrates alone? Participants will: * Perform a staged maximal cycling exercise test on a stationary bicycle. * Finger prick to obtain a drop of blood for lactate measurements. * Wear a mask connected to a metabolic cart to measure breath contents. * Perform a cycling exercise test to fatigue for at least one hour. * Consume either a ketone supplement with carbohydrates or a carbohydrate supplement during the exercise at least 4 times. * Finger prick to obtain a drop of blood to measure blood lactate, ketones, and glucose.

The Effects of Ketone Ester Supplementation During a 5 Week Live High, Train Low Altitude Training Camp

This study aims to investigate the effects of post-exercise and pre-sleep exogenous ketosis via oral ketone ester supplementation during a 5 week simulated altitude training camp.