Clinical Research Directory

Perfectionism and Daily Coping and Emotion Regulation Processes: A Trial of Two Explanatory Feedback Interventions

Over the past three decades, perfectionism has received increasing theoretical and empirical attention as a cognitive-personality factor that increases vulnerability to a wide range of psychological problems, including depression and anxiety. Although mediators and moderators of the link between perfectionism and well-being have been identified, the direct clinical utility of these findings has not been a focus. The Perfectionism and Coping Processes Model - Explanatory Feedback Intervention (PCPM-EFI) draws on previous findings and individually analyzes participant responses to perfectionism measures and online daily questionnaires of stress, coping, and mood over 7 days. The EFI provides an individualized slideshow presentation that is delivered in a single 45-60 minute session by a student research assistant to address how stress and coping patterns trigger and maintain negative affect and (lower) positive affect in the participant's daily life. A recent waitlist controlled feasibility trial compared the PCPM-EFI condition with a waitlist control condition over 4 weeks in 176 university students with higher SC perfectionism, with individualized feedback delivered one-on-one by student trainees in-person or remotely through videoconferencing. The feasibility of the individualized analyses of each participant's daily data was supported by identifying daily trigger patterns, maintenance tendencies, strengths, common triggers, and best targets for reducing negative mood and increasing positive mood across several stressors for each participant. Participant ratings indicated that the comprehensive feedback was coherent and functional. Participants in the EFI condition, compared to those in the control condition, reported increases in empowerment, coping self-efficacy, and problem-focused coping, as well as decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. Between-group effect sizes were moderate-to-large. There were reliable improvements in empowerment and depressive symptoms for 56% and 36%, respectively, of participants in the EFI condition. These findings demonstrate the broad applicability, conceptual utility, and effectiveness of the PCPM-EFI for self-critical perfectionistic individuals. Given these promising findings, research is needed to examine the utility of customizing daily emotion regulation findings, and the complementary effects of providing meaningful feedback on well-being. The present study will build on the promising findings of the PCPM-EFI by using a 7-day daily diary methodology to test a complementary EFI on perfectionism and emotion regulation processes (e.g., self-compassion, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, rumination, reappraisal) delivered online through videoconferencing in a sample of university students with higher self-critical perfectionism. Based on the Perfectionism and Emotion Regulation Processes Model (PERPM), the PERPM-EFI follows the same structure as the PCPM-EFI to provide individualized analyses drawn from previous findings. The results of a pilot study of 12 university students with higher SC perfectionism suggest that the PERPM-EFI is broadly applicable, conceptually useful, and effective. Specifically, despite the small sample size, participants reported increases in empowerment, mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional self-awareness, as well as decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. The present study will use a randomized control design to examine whether the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI can better improve well-being, relative to providing no feedback, the PERPM-EFI alone, or PCPM-EFI alone in the context of a 4-week longitudinal study with three time points in a sample of 180 university students. The four conditions will be: (a) waitlist control condition, (b) PCPM-EFI, (c) PERPM-EFI, and (d) PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI. It is hypothesized that all three EFI conditions will yield better outcomes than the waitlist control condition. It is also hypothesized that the combined PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition will be superior to the PCPM-EFI condition and PERPM-EFI condition on empowerment (primary outcome) and secondary symptom outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, negative affect, positive affect). It is also expected that participants in the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition and PCPM-EFI condition will exhibit larger increases in coping self-efficacy and problem-focused coping than participants in the PERPM-EFI condition. On the other hand, it is hypothesized that participants in the PCPM-EFI plus PERPM-EFI condition and PERPM-EFI condition will exhibit larger increases in self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotional self-awareness than participants in the PCPM-EFI condition. If the feedback interventions are shown to be efficacious, the interventions could be offered to universities, work places, clinical settings, and other organizations.

An App to Reduce Social Media's Impact on Body Image and Eating Disorders

Social media (SM) is a key communication tool, particularly for young women aged 15-29. While SM fosters social connections, it is also linked to negative effects on mental health, including poor body image, low self-esteem, and maladaptive perfectionism. These issues arise due to social comparison with idealized images, especially on platforms like Instagram, which can contribute to disordered eating behaviours. Research suggests that reducing SM use can improve mental well-being, body image, and eating disorder symptoms. However, current interventions have not simultaneously addressed both reducing SM exposure and strengthening protective psychological factors. To address this gap, the proposed study aims to pilot BodyScreen, an intervention app designed to limit SM exposure while enhancing self-esteem and reducing perfectionism in young women at high risk for eating disorders. The study hypothesizes that BodyScreen will be feasible, acceptable, and effective in improving body image, self-esteem, and SM use, with sustained benefits at a 3-month follow-up. The intervention includes a virtual face-to-face session, mid-intervention email support, and a four-week app-based program using Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMIs). Participants will receive reminders to complete exercises designed to improve self-perception and reduce the negative effects of SM. Additionally, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) will track real-time self-esteem, perfectionism, and body image, while mobile sensing will monitor SM use to tailor interactive exercises accordingly. By integrating exposure reduction with psychological strengthening, BodyScreen aims to provide a novel, evidence-based approach to mitigating the harmful effects of SM on young women's mental health.

Effectiveness of the Universal Prevention Program Super Skills for Life in Schools

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-session cognitive-behavioral transdiagnostic protocol for Spanish children aged 8 to 12 within an educational context, Super Skills for Life. The program, designed to enhance emotional management and social interaction skills, will be delivered in a group format and supplemented with multimedia materials. The study will compare outcomes between an intervention group and a wait-list control group.

Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy Across Transdiagnostic Eating Disorders, Including Underweight

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess if Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Eating Disorders (MIT-ED) is effective for treating various forms of Eating Disorders (ED) and reducing dropout rates. The trial will also evaluate its feasibility and outcomes in a patient group including also underweight participants. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does MIT-ED improve eating disorder symptoms and reduce overall maintenance factors, as alexithymia, emotional dysregulation, maladaptive perfectionism, and self-esteem? * Is MIT-ED effective in reducing the severity of personality disorders and associated global psychiatric symptoms? * What are the dropout rates and adherence levels for patients receiving MIT-ED? Participants will: * Undergo an initial screening to confirm eligibility, including a comprehensive clinical interview and assessments based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. * Receive up to 40 individual sessions of MIT-ED, each lasting 50-60 minutes, over a period of approximately 10-12 months. * Attend regular assessment focusing on eating disorder symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, EDE-Q 6.0, and ED Interview, EDE), emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TAS-20), and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES). Assessment will be conducted at baseline (before starting MIT-ED sessions), after 20 MIT-ED sessions (approximately after 5 months), post-treatment (approximately after 10 months), and at 3 months follow-up. A longer 12-months follow-up is planned. Researchers will evaluate the effectiveness of MIT-ED based on treatment adherence, symptom improvement, and the reduction of maintenance mechanisms associated with Eating Disorders. Positive results could support the design of a larger, controlled Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT).